Modeling

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Worksheet Modeling

1.

The function $C$ models the number of customers that are in a store $t$ hours after the store opened on a certain day.

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\(t\)
\(0\)
\(1\)
\(2\)
\(3\)
\(4\)
\(5\)
\(6\)
\(7\)
\(8\)
\(9\)
\(10\)
\(11\)
\(12\)

\(C(t)\)
\(0\)
\(25\)
\(51\)
\(67\)
\(86\)
\(92\)
\(98\)
\(93\)
\(86\)
\(74\)
\(45\)
\(21\)
\(0\)

$C(1)=$
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Interpret the meaning of $C(1)\text{:}$
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1. In $1$ hours since the store opened, the store had an average of $25$ customers per hour.
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2. There were $1$ customers in the store $25$ hours after the store opened.
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3. In $1$ hours since the store opened, there were a total of $25$ customers.
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4. There were $25$ customers in the store $1$ hours after the store opened.
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Solve $C(t)=86$ for $t\text{.}$ $t=$
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Interpret the meaning of Part c’s solution(s):
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1. There were $86$ customers in the store either $4$ hours after the store opened, or $8$ hours after the store opened.
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2. There were $86$ customers in the store $8$ hours after the store opened.
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3. There were $86$ customers in the store $4$ hours after the store opened, and again $8$ hours after the store opened.
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4. There were $86$ customers in the store $4$ hours after the store opened.
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Hint.

What is the meaning of $t\text{?}$ What are the units of $t\text{?}$

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What is the meaning of $C(t)\text{?}$ What are the units of $C(t)\text{?}$

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Answer 1.

$25$

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Answer 2.

$\text{D}$

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Answer 3.

$4, 8$

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Answer 4.

$\text{C}$

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Solution.

According to data in the table, $C(1)=25\text{.}$
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Answer is that there were $25$ customers in the store $1$ hours after the store opened.
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According to data in the table, $C(4)=86$ and $C(8)=86\text{.}$ So the answer is ${4, 8}\text{.}$
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Answer is that there were $86$ customers in the store $4$ hours after the store opened, and again $8$ hours after the store opened.
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2.

Dave started saving in a piggy bank on his birthday. The function $f(x)={3x}$ models the amount of money, in dollars, in Dave’s piggy bank. The independent variable represents the number of days passed since his birthday.

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Interpret the meaning of $f(5)=15\text{.}$

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A. The piggy bank started with `$15` in it, and Dave saves `$5` each day.
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B. Fifteen days after Dave started his piggy bank, there were `$5` in it.
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C. Five days after Dave started his piggy bank, there were `$15` in it.
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D. The piggy bank started with `$5` in it, and Dave saves `$15` each day.
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Hint.

For $f(x)={3x}\text{,}$ what does the value of $x$ respresent?

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What does the value of $f(x)$ represent?

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What are the units of $x\text{?}$

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What are the units of $f(x)\text{?}$

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Answer.

$\text{C}$

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Solution.

For $f(x)={3x}\text{,}$ the value of $x$ represents the number of days passed since Dave’s birthday, and the value of $f(x)$ represents the amount of money in the piggy bank.

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It’s helpful to understand those values by units: $x$ is in “days,” while $f(x)$ is in “dollars.”

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For $f(5)=15\text{,}$ $5$ represents $5$ days, while $15$ represents $15$ dollars. The correct solution is: C. Five days after Dave started his piggy bank, there were `$15` in it.

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3.

An arcade sells multi-day passes. The function $g(x)={\left({\frac{1}{2}}\right)x}$ models the number of days a pass will work, where $x$ is the amount of money paid, in dollars.

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Interpret the meaning of $g(4)={2}\text{.}$

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A. Each pass costs `$2`, and it works for `4` days.
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B. Each pass costs `$4`, and it works for `2` days.
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C. If a pass costs `$4`, it will work for `2` days.
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D. If a pass costs `$2`, it will work for `4` days.
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Hint.

For $g(x)={\left({\frac{1}{2}}\right)x}\text{,}$ what does the value of $x$ respresent?

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What does the value of $g(x)$ represent?

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What are the units of $x\text{?}$

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What are the units of $f(x)\text{?}$

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Answer.

$\text{C}$

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Solution.

For $g(x)={\left({\frac{1}{2}}\right)x}\text{,}$ the value of $x$ represents the cost of a pass, and the value of $g(x)$ represents the number of days the pass will work.

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It’s helpful to understand those values by units: $x$ is in “dollars,” while $g(x)$ is in “days.”

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For $g(4)={2}\text{,}$ $4$ represents $4$ dollars, while ${2}$ represents ${2}$ days. The correct solution is: C. If a pass costs `$4`, it will work for `2` days.

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4.

Joshua will spend ${\$180}$ to purchase some bowls and some plates. Each bowl costs ${\$3}\text{,}$ and each plate costs ${\$4}\text{.}$ The function $p(b)={-\left({\frac{3}{4}}\right)b+45}$ models the number of plates Joshua to be purchased, where $b$ represents the number of bowls to be purchased.

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Interpret the meaning of $p(48)={9}\text{.}$

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A. `$48` will be used to purchase bowls, and `$9` will be used to purchase plates.
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B. `9` bowls and `48` plates can be purchased.
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C. `$9` will be used to purchase bowls, and `$48` will be used to purchase plates.
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D. `48` bowls and `9` plates can be purchased.
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Hint.

For $p(b)={-\left({\frac{3}{4}}\right)b+45}\text{,}$ what does the value of $b$ respresent?

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What does the value of $p(b)$ represent?

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Answer.

$\text{D}$

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Solution.

For $p(b)={-\left({\frac{3}{4}}\right)b+45}\text{,}$ the value of $b$ represents the number of bowls to be purchased, and the value of $p(b)$ represents the number of plates to be purchased.

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For $p(48)={9}\text{,}$ $48$ implies $48$ bowls will be purchased, while ${9}$ implies ${9}$ plates will be purchased. The correct solution is D. `48` bowls and `9` plates can be purchased.

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5.

According to the 1993 World Almanac, the number of calories a person walking at 3 mph, bicycling at 10 mph, or swimming at 2 mph burns per minute depends on the person’s weight as in the following table.

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Calories per minute as a function of weight

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Weight (pounds)	100	120	150	170	200	220
Walking (calories)	2.7	3.2	4.0	4.6	5.4	5.9
Bicycling (calories)	5.4	6.5	8.1	9.2	10.8	11.9
Swimming (calories)	5.8	6.9	8.7	9.8	11.6	12.7

(a) Use the table to determine the number of calories that a person weighing 150 pounds uses in a half-hour of bicycling.

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(b) The table illustrates a relationship between the number of calories used per minute bicycling and a person’s weight in pounds.

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Identify the independent variable(s)

calories used per minute walking
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calories used per minute swimming
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calories used per minute bicycling
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weight in pounds
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Identify the dependent variable(s)

calories used per minute bicycling
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calories used per minute walking
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weight in pounds
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calories used per minute swimming
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Answer.

$243$

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Solution.

SOLUTION$30(8.1) = 243$

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6.

The table below gives the total cost, $f(n)\text{,}$ for a carpenter to build $n$ wooden chairs.

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$n$	0	15	30	45	60	75
$f(n)$	4000	5000	5800	6350	6800	7150

Evaluate each of the expressions below:

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(a) $f( 45 ) =$

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(b) $f( x ) =$ if $x = 15$

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(d) $f( 0 ) =$

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For each of the statements below decide which (if any) expression (a)-(d) above it correctly describes by selecting the appropriate letter in each pull-down menu. An expression may be described correctly by more than one statement, and some statements may not match any of the expressions.

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(e) The cost of building 15 chairs.

Choose letter of expression
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(a)
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)
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None of the above
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(f) The total number of chairs the carpenter must build in order to break even.

Choose letter of expression
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(a)
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)
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None of the above
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(g) The total number of chairs that can be built at a cost of $45.

Choose letter of expression
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(a)
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)
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None of the above
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(h) The total number of chairs that can be built at a cost of $5800.

Choose letter of expression
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(a)
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)
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None of the above
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(i) The fixed costs of the carpenter.

Choose letter of expression
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(a)
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)
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None of the above
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(j) The cost of building 45 chairs.

Choose letter of expression
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(a)
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(b)
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(c)
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(d)
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None of the above
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Answer 1.

$6350$

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Answer 2.

$5000$

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Answer 3.

$30$

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Answer 4.

$4000$

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Answer 5.

$\text{(b)}$

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Answer 6.

$\text{None of the above}$

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Answer 7.

$\text{None of the above}$

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Answer 8.

$\text{(c)}$

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Answer 9.

$\text{(d)}$

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Answer 10.

$\text{(a)}$

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Solution.

SOLUTION$f( 45 ) = 6350\text{.}$$f( x ) = 5000$$x = 15$$z = 30$$f(z) = 5800$$f( 0 ) = 4000$$f( 45 ) = 6350$$f( 15 ) = 5000\text{,}$$f(z) = 5800$$z = 30\text{,}$$f(0) = 4000$

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7.

A national park records data regarding the total fox population in the park over a twelve month period. Let $F(t)$ represent the number of foxes in the park $t$ months after they start recording the fox population. Below is a table that records their results.

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$t$ (months)	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
$F(t)$ (foxes)	150	143	125	100	75	57	50	57	75	100	125	143

(a) Is $F$ a function of $t\text{?}$

Yes
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No
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(b) Find all solution(s) to the equation $F(t) = 75\text{.}$ If there is more than one solution, give your answer as a comma separated list of numbers.

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$t =$

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Answer.

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Solution.

SOLUTION$t$$F\text{.}$$F(t) = 75$$t=4$$t=8$

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8.

The value, $V\text{,}$ of a car that is $t$ years old is given by $V = f(t) = 18000 - 3600 t\text{.}$ What is the largest domain of $f(t)$ that make sense in this context? How about range?

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Domain:

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Range:

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Hint: When using inequalities, check that the variables you use match the ones the question uses.

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Answer 1.

$0\le t\le \frac{18000}{3600}$

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Answer 2.

$0\le V\le 18000$

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9.

A movie theater is filled to capacity with $650$ people. After the movie ends, people start leaving at the rate of $100$ each minute.

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(a) Find an equation for $N\text{,}$ the number of people in the theater, as a function of $t\text{,}$ the number of minutes after the movie ends. Enter your answer as an equation, such as $N = 5t-1\text{.}$

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(b) For what values of $t$ does the equation make sense in practical terms.

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Domain:

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Answer 1.

$N = 650-100t$

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Answer 2.

$0\le t\le \frac{650}{100}$

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10.

Let $f(t)$ give the number of liters of fuel oil burned in $t$ hours, and $g(t)$ the number of gallons burned. Find a formula for $g$ by scaling the output of $f\text{.}$ Use the fact that 1 gallon equals 3.785 liters. You may enter the function $f(t)$ verbatim, as you would for any other named function.

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$g(t)$ = gallons

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Answer.

$\frac{f\mathopen{}\left(t\right)}{3.785}$

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11.

At the end of a semester, students’ math grades are listed in a table which gives each student’s ID number in the left column and the student’s grade in the right column. Let $N$ represent the ID number and $G$ represent the grade of each student.

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Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between student ID number and grade is true?

$N$ must be a function of $G\text{.}$
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$G$ must be a function of $N\text{.}$
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All of the above
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None of the above
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Solution.

SOLUTION$N$$G$$G$$N\text{.}$$G$$N\text{.}$$N$$G\text{,}$$N$$G\text{.}$$N$$G\text{.}$

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12.

The graph below shows the fuel consumption (in miles per gallon, mpg) of a car driving at various speeds (in miles per hour, mph).

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(click on image to enlarge)

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(a) How much gas is used on a 400 mile trip at 80 mph?

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amount of gas = gallons

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(b) How much gas is saved by traveling 60 mph instead of 70 mph on a 300 mile trip?

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saved gas = gallons

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most fuel efficient speed = mph

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Answer 1.

$\frac{400}{23.9188}$

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Answer 2.

$300\cdot \left(\frac{1}{27.1373}-\frac{1}{29.6322}\right)$

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Answer 3.

$55$

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Solution.

SOLUTION$400 / 23.9188079597599 \approx 16.7 \ \mbox{gallons}\text{.}$$300 / 30 \approx 10.1 \mbox{ gallons}\text{.}$$300 / 27 \approx 11.1 \mbox{ gallons}\text{.}$$11.1 - 10.1 \approx 0.9 \mbox{ gallons}\text{.}$

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13.

Let $f(t)$ denote the number of people eating in a restaurant $t$ minutes after 5 PM. Answer the following questions:

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a) Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the expression $f( 3 ) = 17\text{?}$

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There are 3 people eating at 5:17 PM
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There are 17 people eating at 5:03 PM
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There are 17 people eating at 8:00 PM
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Every 3 minutes, 17 more people are eating
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None of the above
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b) Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the expression $f(a) = 24\text{?}$

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Every 24 minutes, the number of people eating has increased by $a$ people
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$a$ hours after 5 PM there are 24 people eating
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At 5:24 PM there are $a$ people eating
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$a$ minutes after 5 PM there are 24 people eating
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None of the above
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c) Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the expression $f( 24 ) = b\text{?}$

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$b$ hours after 5 PM there are 24 people eating
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Every 24 minutes, the number of people eating has increased by $b$ people
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$b$ minutes after 5 PM there are 24 people eating
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At 5:24 PM there are $b$ people eating
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None of the above
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d) Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the expression $n=f(t)\text{?}$

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$n$ minutes after 5 PM there are $t$ people eating
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$n$ hours after 5 PM there are $t$ people eating
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Every $t$ minutes, $n$ more people have begun eating
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$t$ hours after 5 PM there are $n$ people eating
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None of the above
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Solution.

SOLUTION$f( 3 ) = 17$$f(a) = 24$$a$$f( 24 ) = b$$b$$t$$n$$n = f(t)$$n$$t$

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14.

The area, in square centimeters, of a circle whose radius is $r$ cm is given by $A = \pi r^2\text{.}$

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(a) Write this formula using function notation, where $f$ is the name of the function.

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(b) Evaluate $f(0) =$

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(d) Evaluate and simplify the formula for $f(r)+1 =$

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(e) Evaluate, including units in your answer: $f^{-1}(9) =$

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(f) For each of the mathematical expressions below, match one of the statements A - E below which best explains its meaning in practical terms.

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$\displaystyle f(r) + 1$
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$\displaystyle f(r+1)$
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One cm. more than the area of circle with radius $r$ square cm.
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One more square cm. than the area of a circle with radius $r\text{.}$
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The area of a circle whose radius is 1 cm. more than $r\text{.}$
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The radius of a circle whose area is one square cm. more than the area of a circle with radius $r\text{.}$
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None of the above.
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Answer 1.

$f\mathopen{}\left(r\right)$

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Answer 2.

$\pi r^{2}$

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Answer 3.

$0$

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Answer 4.

$\pi \mathopen{}\left(r+1\right)^{2}$

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Answer 5.

$\pi r^{2}+1$

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Answer 6.

$1.69257\ {\rm cm}$

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Solution.

SOLUTION$f(r) = \pi r^2$$f(0) = \pi 0^2 = 0$$f(r+1) = \pi (r+1)^2$$f(r) + 1 = \pi r^2 + 1$$f^{-1}(9)$$r\text{,}$$f(r) = 9$$r\text{:}$

\begin{equation*} \begin{aligned} \pi r^2 \amp = 9 \\ r^2 \amp = \frac{9}{\pi} \\ r \amp = \sqrt{ \frac{9}{\pi} } \\ r \amp = \frac{3}{\sqrt{\pi}} \approx 1.6926. \end{aligned} \end{equation*}

$f^{-1}(9) \approx 1.6926$$f(r + 1) \ $$r\text{.}$$f(r) + 1 \ $$r\text{,}$

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15.

A national park records data regarding the total fox population $F$ over a 12 month period, where $t = 0$ means January 1, $t = 1$ means February 1, and so on. Below is the table of values they recorded:

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t, month	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
F, foxes	150	143	125	100	75	57	50	57	75	100	125	143

(a) Is $F$ a function of $t$

Yes
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No
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(b) Let $g(t) = F$ denote the fox population in month $t\text{.}$ Find all solution(s) to the equation $g(t) = 57\text{.}$ If there is more than one solution, give your answer as a comma separated list of numbers.

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$t =$

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Answer.

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Solution.

SOLUTION$t$$F\text{.}$$g(t) = 57$$t=5$$t=7$

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Prev Top Next

\(t\) (months)	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
\(F(t)\) (foxes)	150	143	125	100	75	57	50	57	75	100	125	143

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Worksheet Modeling

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Worksheet Modeling